1) Safety and prep
- Park on level ground, chock wheels, disconnect PTO, lower any raised parts. Use jack stands if lifting wheels.
- Theory: accurate geometry requires level reference and no suspension sag or weight shift.

2) Visual inspection first
- Check tyres (size, tread, damage), valve stems, wheels/rims, bent or cracked parts, loose fasteners, and bearings for play.
- Theory: physical damage or mismatched tyres immediately create asymmetry that looks like “alignment” faults; bearings/wheels that move under load change toe/camber dynamically.

3) Set tyre pressures and match tyre sizes
- Inflate tyres to manufacturer spec and ensure both tyres are same size/model.
- Theory: tyre radius/pressure differences change rolling circumference and load distribution, causing the baler to track off-center and produce uneven wear.

4) Establish centerline reference
- Define baler centerline from hitch/tongue: measure a fixed point on the tongue and project a centerline forward/back using chalk, string or a straight-edge. Mark wheel rim center heights to use as measurement points.
- Theory: the hitch/tongue line is the intended tracking axis. The axle/wheels must be symmetric about that axis for straight tracking.

5) Check axle lateral position relative to tongue (track)
- Measure distance from tongue centerline to wheel rim center at left and right, front and rear faces of rims. Distances should be equal. If not, the axle is laterally offset.
- Theory: an offset axle causes the baler to “dog-track” (lean/pull to one side) because lateral forces are unbalanced; aligning axle to tongue returns those forces to symmetric.

6) Measure toe (parallelism)
- Method A (ruler): measure distance between front faces of the two rims at the same height, then measure between rear faces. Toe = front distance minus rear distance. Method B (string/straight-edge): run a taut string along one rim and measure the gap to the other rim front and rear.
- Acceptable target: wheels parallel, or very slight toe-in. Aim for total toe (difference) within about 0–3 mm (0–1/8") across the axle; tighter is better.
- Theory: toe means wheels are angled in/out. Toe causes lateral scrubbing as wheels try to steer against each other; that creates pull, heat and accelerated tyre wear. Correct toe removes the constant lateral force.

7) Check camber and wheel runout
- Camber: see if wheel plane is vertical. Significant camber on a trailer/ baler axle is abnormal.
- Runout/wobble: spin wheel and watch rim edge or use dial indicator to check radial and lateral runout of wheel/tire/hub.
- Theory: camber changes load distribution across tread; runout/wobble produces periodic lateral forces and apparent alignment error under rotation.

8) Check bearings, hubs and spindles
- With wheel off ground, rock wheel assembly for play, inspect bearings and spindle for wear or bend.
- Theory: worn bearings or bent spindles allow wheel to move under load, varying toe/camber dynamically and causing pull and uneven wear. Replacing bearings/spindle restores fixed geometry.

9) Check axle straightness and mounting points
- Visually and with straight-edge or string check that axle beam is straight and mounting brackets have not been twisted/shifted. Inspect weld joints and U-bolts/shims.
- Theory: a bent axle or twisted frame creates permanent misalignment that simple toe adjustments cannot correct.

10) Diagnosing the likely fault from measurements
- Unequal rim distances front vs rear (toe): adjust axle/wheel position or correct bent parts.
- Lateral offset to one side: shim/move axle or correct tongue mounting.
- Wheel wobble or variable toe under rotation: replace bearings/spindle or true wheel.
- Different tyre diameters/pressures: replace/match tyres and set correct pressures.
- Bent axle or damaged hubs: replacement/straightening required.

11) Repairs and how they fix the fault (theory + action)
- Tyre replacement/pressure equalization: removes rolling radius and traction imbalance; equal circumferences make both wheels cover equal ground per revolution so baler tracks straight.
- Bearing/hub replacement or re-torque: removes play so wheel plane is fixed; prevents dynamic toe/camber changes under load that cause wandering.
- Wheel truing or rim replacement: reduces runout, eliminating periodic lateral forces and steering pull.
- Repositioning/shimming axle or moving axle mounts: recenters axle relative to tongue so lateral forces are balanced; corrects dog-tracking.
- Straighten or replace bent axle/spindle: restores original geometry so toe/camber measurements are meaningful and can be set correctly.
- Tightening/replacing loose/worn mounting bolts, bushings or tongue components: restores rigid connection between tongue and axle so alignment remains stable.

12) Re-check after repair
- Repeat measurements (centerline, toe, runout, bearing play) under the same conditions. Road-test at low speed for straight tracking, then re-inspect tyre wear.
- Theory: repairs remove the source of asymmetry; re-measurement confirms that geometry is within tolerance and that dynamic behavior (tracking) is corrected.

13) Practical tolerances and final notes
- Aim for wheels parallel (0 mm) or minimal toe (≤3 mm total). Minimize runout and play. Match tyre pressures/specs exactly.
- Theory: small deviations become amplified at speed and over distance; keeping geometry as close to symmetric as possible minimizes lateral forces and tyre wear, and ensures reliable pick-up alignment and bale consistency.

End.
rteeqp73

Masses Ferguson MF20 2WD industrial tractor

Massey Ferguson 590 Turbo *Sound*

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