1) Preparation and safety
- Shut off engine, remove battery ground, drain oil and coolant, block tractor securely. Gather tools: socket set, torque wrench, ring compressor, piston ring pliers, piston pin tool, micrometer, bore gauge, feeler gauges, Plastigage, hone or cylinder bore equipment, cleaning supplies, new gaskets/pistons/rings/rod bearings as needed.
- Theory: isolating systems prevents fire/electrical hazards; clean workspace avoids contamination. Proper tools and specs prevent damage during reassembly.
- How this fixes faults: preventing secondary damage avoids introducing new faults when repairing pistons.

2) Document and mark everything
- Mark cylinder/rod/piston positions (e.g., 1–3) and orientation (which way piston faces). Photograph if needed.
- Theory: pistons and rods wear into the crank journal/cylinder; returning parts to original locations preserves fit if reusing parts.
- How this fixes faults: avoids mis-matching worn parts which would cause noise, uneven wear, or bearing failure.

3) Remove cylinder head and ancillaries
- Remove rocker cover, pushrods (keep them in order), detach head bolts and lift head, remove oil pump access, sump if needed to access connecting rod caps.
- Theory: head removal gives access to pistons/rods; pushing rods in order preserves valve timing and wear patterns.
- How this fixes faults: enables inspection of combustion surfaces/head gasket and reveals cause of piston damage (detonation, coolant leak).

4) Inspect head and combustion chambers
- Check valves, seats, head gasket condition, signs of detonation, coolant/oil mixing, carbon deposits. Measure head flatness.
- Theory: piston problems often come from head issues (warped head, blown gasket, wrong timing, overheating).
- How this fixes faults: repairing head gasket/valves addresses root causes (loss of compression, overheating) so new pistons/rings won’t fail again.

5) Remove connecting rod caps and pistons
- Rotate crank to bring piston to bottom, loosen rod cap bolts, remove caps (keep bearing shells in their rods and caps), push piston up and out through top (or remove bearings and push down through crankcase if sump removed). Keep each rod/piston together and note orientation.
- Theory: rods attach piston to crank—removing caps frees piston for removal. Keeping caps with rods preserves bearing orientation.
- How this fixes faults: allows direct inspection/repair of pistons, rings, pins, rods and bearings.

6) Inspect pistons, rings, pins, skirts and cylinders
- Look for scoring, scuffing, melted aluminum, ring groove wear, broken rings, piston crown damage, skirt wear, piston pin looseness. Measure piston diameter with micrometer at skirt, measure ring groove clearance, check cylinder bore out-of-round and taper with bore gauge.
- Theory: different damage patterns indicate causes—vertical scoring from dirt or lubrication failure, crown detonation pitting from pre-ignition, excessive skirt clearance from wear.
- How this fixes faults: diagnosis tells you whether to replace rings only, hone cylinder, or re-bore and fit oversize pistons. Fixing the correct component removes the fault cause (e.g., re-boring removes scored metal and restores roundness).

7) Measure and decide repair scope
- Compare piston diameter vs bore to get piston-to-wall clearance; compare ring end gaps by placing rings in bore and measuring; measure rod bearing journals and main journals. Consult TE-20 manual for allowable clearances.
- Theory: piston-to-wall clearance controls thermal expansion and oil control; ring gaps control blow-by and oil consumption; bearing clearances affect lubrication film and crank life.
- How this fixes faults: selecting correct repair (new rings, hone, oversize pistons, new bearings) restores proper clearances and sealing, eliminating compression loss, oil burning, and knocking.

8) Cylinder preparation: hone or rebore as required
- If bores are slightly scored and within limits, perform a three-stroke cross-hatch hone to remove glaze and restore ring seating. If out-of-round or beyond limits, re-bore to next oversize and fit matching pistons.
- Theory: honing creates a cross-hatch surface that retains oil and allows rings to seat; re-boring restores concentricity and correct diameter.
- How this fixes faults: proper bore finish and size let rings seal against the wall, restoring compression and preventing oil consumption. Oversize pistons restore correct piston-to-wall clearance when wear has removed metal.

9) Prepare pistons and rings
- Clean grooves, install new rings, check end gaps in the actual cylinder at TDC and file to spec if necessary, orient ring gaps per manufacturer (stagger gaps around piston). Fit piston pin and clips; measure wrist pin fit.
- Theory: rings seal combustion and control oil. Correct end gaps and orientation prevent gas leakage and ring butt blow-by.
- How this fixes faults: new correctly-gapped rings stop blow-by (power loss, oil burn), reduce smoking, and restore compression.

10) Check rod bearings and crank journals
- Measure journal diameters and bearing shells; replace rod bearings if wear beyond limit. Use Plastigage or correct bearing thickness to set oil clearance. Replace rod bolts if stretch-prone.
- Theory: rod bearing clearance ensures oil film separates surfaces; too-tight leads to seizure, too-loose to low oil pressure and knock.
- How this fixes faults: correct bearing clearances remove rod knock, preserve crank journals, and maintain lubrication.

11) Reassemble pistons to connecting rods and fit into block
- Compress rings with ring compressor, orient piston to correct direction, tap piston carefully into bore until rod journal clears crank, fit rod cap with bearing shells, torque rod cap bolts to spec, check side clearance for rod on crank.
- Theory: ring compressor compresses rings so piston can enter bore without ring damage; torquing to spec ensures bearing preload.
- How this fixes faults: careful assembly prevents ring breakage, ensures correct bearing preload and thus quiet, long-lived operation.

12) Final checks before closing
- Rotate engine by hand through several revolutions, feel for tight spots. Recheck rod cap torque, main bearing endplay if applicable, valve clearances, timing, and oil pressure on initial start.
- Theory: manual rotation checks for interference and correct installation before oil/coolant under pressure.
- How this fixes faults: prevents catastrophic failure from interference (e.g., piston contacting valves) and ensures lubrication.

13) Refit head, set timing, refill fluids and break-in
- Fit a new head gasket, torque head bolts in sequence to spec, reinstall pushrods/rockers, set valve lash and ignition/timing. Prime oil system, start engine and run at varied loads while monitoring oil pressure, temperature, and smoke. Follow piston ring break-in procedure (moderate load for first hours).
- Theory: correct head torque and lash maintain sealing and valve timing; ring break-in allows rings to conform to bore under heat/load and establish sealing.
- How this fixes faults: proper reassembly and break-in ensures rings seat and stay sealed; prevents early wear, blow-by, and oil consumption.

Summary of theory connecting faults to repair
- Symptom: low compression/blow-by. Cause: worn rings or cylinder bores. Repair: replace rings and hone/reweld bore or fit oversize pistons to restore ring-to-wall contact and sealing.
- Symptom: oil consumption/smoke. Cause: worn piston skirts or ring grooves, stuck rings. Repair: new pistons/rings, restore ring groove geometry and ring end gap to control oil scraping and sealing.
- Symptom: detonation damage (pitted crowns). Cause: incorrect ignition/timing, lean mixture, overheating. Repair: replace pistons if damaged, correct ignition/fuel, head gasket or cooling repairs to prevent recurrence.
- Symptom: scuffing/severe scoring. Cause: lubrication failure or foreign material. Repair: inspect crank/rods, re-bore cylinders and fit oversize pistons; fix lubrication source (pump, clearance) and filter to prevent repeat.
- Symptom: rod knock. Cause: worn rod bearings, incorrect clearances. Repair: replace bearings, measure journals, set correct bearing clearances to restore oil film.

Important: always use TE-20 shop manual for exact clearances, torque values, piston orientation and ring layout.
rteeqp73

Nampa Tractor Salvage 2/2 Massey Ferguson, Ford, John Deer, Case, Tractor Parts I am an old tractor buff, and it turns out that my classmate from high school work(ed) at Nampa Tractor Salvage. He let me have the ...

Road speed record - Massey Ferguson TE20 John Beck's second attempt at road speed record for a Massey Ferguson TE20 on the country roads of Dundee.

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