Tools & consumables
- Valve spring compressor (overhead/retainer-type or C‑clamp style with appropriate adapters for the head). If you’ll do springs with the head on, use a compressor that works from above and allows keeper removal.
- Valve keeper/collet magnetic pickup or small strong magnet and pick.
- Compressed‑air cylinder hold tool (adapter that screws into injector/glow plug hole) OR shop air + fitting to hold valve up while keepers are removed. If unfamiliar or uncomfortable, plan to remove the head instead.
- Torque wrench, ratchets, sockets, extensions.
- Wrenches, screwdrivers, pliers.
- Feeler gauges or dial indicator (for valve clearance/checking seating).
- Vernier caliper or micrometer (to measure spring free height).
- Wire brush, solvent, shop rags, parts tray.
- New valve springs and valve stem seals (OEM or equivalent), new keepers/retainers if worn, valve cover gasket.
- Anti‑seize, engine assembly lube.
- Safety glasses, gloves.
- Service manual (torque specs, clearances, spring specs).

Safety precautions (read & follow)
- Work on a cool engine; disconnect battery.
- Use eye protection and gloves — keepers can fly out.
- If using compressed air to hold a valve, use a regulator and keep pressure low (20–40 psi typical) and secure the hose. Never exceed safe pressure for the cylinder head or fittings.
- If unsure about holding valves with compressed air, remove the head and do the springs on the bench.
- Keep dirt out of cylinder: cover adjacent cylinders and openings; use clean rags and trays.
- Have a helper if needed to steady tools/components; support heavy parts.
- Note and follow torque specs from the service manual — do not guess.

Overview of procedure
A. Prep and access
1. Remove negative battery cable.
2. Remove intake/exhaust ducts as needed for access. Remove valve cover(s) and clean gasket surfaces.
3. Label and remove any components blocking rocker assembly (air lines, wiring). Keep parts organized.
4. Rotate engine to TDC for the cylinder(s) you will work on (if doing one cylinder at a time). This helps stability but is not strictly required if using compressed air to hold the valve.

B. Holding valve in place (choose one)
- Method 1 (recommended if confident): Use compressed air into the cylinder via injector/glow plug hole with proper adapter and regulator. Apply ~20–30 psi to hold valve against the seat while you remove keepers. Seal the adapter and keep it connected while working that cylinder.
- Method 2: Use valve compressor that both compresses and holds retainer/keeper in place — some compressors lock in the compressed position so the keeper can be removed safely.
- Method 3 (safer but more work): Remove the head and do springs on a bench.

C. Removing valve springs (step-by-step)
1. Remove rocker assembly or loosen/withdraw rocker arms according to service manual so you have direct access to the retainer/keeper area. Label pushrods/rockers in order and keep orientation.
2. Clean around the retainer thoroughly to prevent debris falling into the cylinder.
3. Place the valve spring compressor over the retainer: seat the compressor fork on the retainer and the base on the head so it presses straight down on the spring. Ensure adapter sits centered on valve stem.
4. Compress the spring slowly until the retainer exposes the keepers (collets). If using a screw‑type compressor, turn slowly and keep hands clear of potential keeper ejection path.
5. With the spring compressed and held, use a magnetic pickup or small pick to remove the two (or however many) keepers. Be ready — they are small and can shoot out.
6. Gradually release the compressor and lift off the retainer and spring. Remove the spring seat and valve stem seal (if replacing).
7. Inspect valve stem tip, guide, retainer, keepers, spring seat, and spring for wear, corrosion, cracks. Measure new/old spring free height and compare to specs in the manual. Replace springs that are out of spec or weak.

D. Installing new springs/seals
1. If replacing valves seals: lubricate valve stem and install new seal per manual (some seals require heating or a collar). Make sure they seat properly.
2. Place spring seat (if used) and the spring onto the valve stem. Add retainer.
3. Compress the spring with the compressor tool until the retainer recess is accessible.
4. Install keepers: orient them correctly (taper fits into matching groove). Use magnet to position them in the retainer groove while still compressed.
5. Slowly release compressor, allowing the retainer to seat on the keepers. Verify keepers are evenly seated around the valve stem by sight/mild tug on the retainer.
6. Repeat for each valve.

E. Reassembly & adjustment
1. Reinstall rocker arms/shaft/pushrods in original order. If the engine uses adjustable rockers, set valve lash/clearance per service manual (hot/cold spec as applicable).
2. Torque rocker assembly bolts to specified values in the manual in the recommended sequence.
3. Refit valve cover(s) with new gasket/sealant as required; torque bolts to spec.
4. Reconnect any removed components, reconnect battery.
5. Start the engine, listen for abnormal noises, verify oil pressure and coolant temps. Recheck for leaks.
6. After a short run, recheck valve clearances and torque as needed.

Tool usage details & tips
- Valve spring compressor: the saddle that presses on the retainer must be centered; the base must sit on the cylinder head or valve cover boss solidly. Compress evenly and slowly. Locking compressors are best—once locked, you can use both hands to remove keepers safely.
- Magnetic pickup: use a small cylindrical magnet or a dedicated tool to retrieve keepers and position them. Avoid using pliers to grip keepers while compressed — they can slip.
- Compressed air hold: use an adapter sized for the injector or glow plug hole, connect to regulated shop air, and leave a continuous line connected while removing keepers. Secure the hose away from tools. If you lose pressure, the valve can drop; work one cylinder at a time and monitor gauge.
- Keep parts in order: mark rocker arms, pushrods, and springs if springs are progressive or matched to specific positions.

Common pitfalls & how to avoid them
- Losing keepers: they’re tiny — always use magnetic pickup and wear eye protection. Work over a parts tray.
- Valve dropping into cylinder: use compressed air or remove the head. Never rely on a loosely seated retainer.
- Mixing springs/retainers: mark and keep springs by cylinder and position. Progressive springs are often matched; swapping may change performance.
- Not replacing valve stem seals: a common cause of smoking and oil consumption after reassembly.
- Incorrect installation of keepers (flipped or not fully seated): verify seating visually and by gently tugging on retainer before releasing compressor fully.
- Damaging valve stem seal when seating retainer: use proper installation tools and lubricate stem.
- Not checking spring free height/pressure: weak springs cause valve float; measure and compare to spec and replace as a set if any are out of spec.
- Incorrect torque or improper reassembly of rocker shaft: leads to noise and accelerated wear — follow torque sequence and spec.
- Debris into cylinder: thoroughly clean head area; cover open ports if you must take a break.

Replacement parts checklist (minimum)
- Valve springs (set)
- Valve stem seals (per valve)
- Keepers/retainers (if worn; often sold with springs)
- Valve cover gasket
- Any pushrods/rockers if worn or damaged
- Cleaners, lubricants, new gaskets/assembly lube as required

Final notes
- Always get the Mazda T3000/T3500/T4000 service manual for exact torque specs, valve clearance specs, and spring specifications.
- If you are not experienced with compressed‑air holding methods or concerned about piston/valve interference, remove the head and work the springs on the bench.
- Work methodically, keep parts organized, and double‑check clearances and torques during reassembly.

No Yapping.
rteeqp73

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