Tools & consumables
- Wheel balancer (dynamic electronic spin balancer). Optional: road-force balancer for persistent vibration.
- Balancer adapters/cones, shaft nut, spacer, wing nut (machine-specific).
- Tire machine (if you must remove/reinstall tires).
- Torque wrench (for lug nuts) and appropriate sockets.
- 3/8" or 1/2" breaker and impact (for removal) — use hand tools to torque final.
- Jack and rated jack stands, wheel chocks.
- Wheel brush, wire brush or clean rags, brake cleaner (to clean hub/wheel mating surfaces).
- Calipers or balancer built-in gauge to enter rim width and diameter.
- Wheel weights (clip-on for steel rims, adhesive for alloy); weight pliers/hammer or adhesive applicator.
- Valve core tool, air compressor and gauge.
- Marker/chalk to mark valve and weight positions.
- Dial indicator (optional) for runout measurement.
- PPE: gloves, eye protection, hearing protection.

Safety precautions
- Work on level ground, chock opposite wheels, engage parking brake.
- Use jack stands; never rely on only the hydraulic jack.
- Follow balancer manufacturer safety: shield closed when spinning.
- Wear gloves/eye protection when handling weights and cleaners.
- Do not exceed machine speed limits and follow calibration routine.

Step-by-step: wheel off-vehicle balance (recommended method)
1. Preparation
- Park vehicle on level surface and chock. Loosen lug nuts slightly before jacking.
- Jack vehicle, support on jack stands, remove wheel/lug nuts and wheel.
- Inspect tire for cuts, bulges, nails; check bead, valve stem and tire pressure history.
2. Clean mating surfaces
- Clean wheel center bore and hub flange with wire brush/cloth and brake cleaner to remove rust/paint/oil. Dirty surfaces cause runout and inaccurate balance.
3. Inspect wheel & tire
- Check wheel for bends, cracks and tire for uneven wear or flat spots. Measure radial/lateral runout if vibration persists (use dial indicator or road-force machine). Replace rim or tire if bent/damaged.
4. Prepare balancer
- Turn on balancer, perform any required warm-up/calibration as per machine manual. Select correct unit (oz/in or g/cm).
5. Mount wheel on balancer
- Fit the correct cone/adapter to the machine shaft so the wheel centers on the balancer hub (hub-centric mounting is best). Use the shaft nut and spacer. Do not force the wheel; it must seat fully against cone for accurate reading.
- Tighten the shaft nut to the machine’s recommended torque—snug, not destructive. If using adapter threads, ensure threads and cone surfaces are clean.
6. Enter wheel data
- Measure and input rim diameter, rim width, and distance from the machine face per the balancer prompts. Also input tire type/options if required.
- Mark valve stem location with chalk; this becomes a reference for weight placement (most machines reference valve location).
7. Spin/measure
- Close safety hood and start spin cycle. Machine calculates dynamic and static imbalance and displays weight amounts and locations (inside/outside or specific degree).
8. Apply weights
- Clean application areas on rim with alcohol. For alloy rims, use adhesive weights on recommended flat surfaces; for steel rims use clip-on weights on bead edge. Use the pliers/hammer or adhesive applicator per type.
- Place clip weights in the exact position indicated; for adhesive weights press firmly and allow bonding time (follow adhesive instructions).
- When machine indicates a single combined weight location, split weight half/half across inner and outer if instructed by the balancer; follow the machine’s callout.
9. Re-spin to verify
- Spin again. If residual imbalance remains, move/add/remove weights to reach acceptable residual (typically <0.15 oz or <4 g per wheel depending on tolerance).
10. Final checks & refit
- Remove wheel from balancer. Check that adhesive weights are secure; crimp clip weights if needed.
- Clean wheel hub on vehicle and re-mount wheel, seat it properly and hand-thread lug nuts.
- Torque lug nuts to vehicle OEM specification in a star pattern with a calibrated torque wrench. If you don’t have the spec for your Nissan model, typical Nissan passenger-car torque is often in the 100–140 N·m range — verify exact value from factory manual.
- Inflate tire to proper pressure and road-test.

How the balancer tool is used (quick operational notes)
- Cones/adapters center the wheel on the balancer shaft so the machine “sees” the wheel as if on the vehicle hub. Incorrect cone selection or mis-centering causes false readings.
- The machine needs correct rim dimensions and distance input to calculate exact vector locations for weights. Using default/incorrect numbers yields wrong placements.
- The machine measures dynamic imbalance in two planes (inner and outer). It will tell you weight and exact angular position relative to the valve; some machines show degree marks, others show positions (e.g., “inner 25 g at 3 o’clock”).
- For static-only machines, you’ll only correct a single heavy spot (not ideal for high-speed vibration).
- Road-force balancer simulates road load and will highlight areas of tire flat-spot or stiffness—useful when balancing doesn’t remove a vibration.

Common pitfalls & how to avoid them
- Dirty hub/wheel mating surfaces — always clean both surfaces for correct centering.
- Using the wrong cone/adapter or not seating wheel fully — causes phantom imbalance readings.
- Not removing old weights — old weights change required balance; remove before rebalancing.
- Over-relying on adhesive weights on poorly prepped rim — they fall off. Clean and dry rim; choose clip weights for edge when applicable.
- Ignoring tire/wheel damage — balancing won’t fix bent rim or internal tire belt separation. Replace damaged components.
- Incorrectly entered rim width/diameter or distance — always measure and verify before spin.
- Re-tightening lugs with impact wrench to final torque — use torque wrench for final torque in star pattern.
- Using weights of wrong material/size for application — use approved, road-legal weights (lead-free where required).
- Not verifying valve stem condition — a leaking/broken valve stem causes pressure loss and can feel like imbalance.

Replacement parts commonly needed
- Wheel weights (clip-on or adhesive) — consumable.
- Valve stems (especially for tubeless rims or when corroded).
- Hub-centric rings (if aftermarket wheels have oversize bores).
- Tires or rims if bent, cracked, or if tire has internal damage.
- Balancer accessories/adapters if worn or lost.

Acceptance criteria
- After balancing, residual indicated by the machine should be within the machine/vehicle tolerance (typically a few grams/ounces).
- Road test: no steering wheel or seat vibration at target speeds. If vibration persists, consider road-force test and inspect suspension, bearings, and driveshaft.

Done.
rteeqp73

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