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Toyota 3B B 11B 13B engine factory workshop and repair manual

Goal: remove/inspect/repair/replace the flywheel and related clutch parts on a Toyota B‑series diesel (B, 3B, 11B, 13B). This guide assumes you are a beginner mechanic comfortable with hand tools and lifting heavy parts. It explains what each component is and does, why you’d service the flywheel, how the whole system works, what can go wrong, and a step‑by‑step procedure to remove, inspect, replace or reinstall the flywheel and clutch. Read the whole thing before starting. Always use the factory service manual for exact bolt torques and procedures for your specific year/chassis.

Quick overview (analogy)
- The engine crankshaft is like the pedals and axle of a bicycle. The flywheel is a heavy bicycle wheel bolted to the axle that stores rotational energy to keep the drivetrain turning smoothly and gives the starter something to push on to crank the engine. The clutch disk and pressure plate clamp against the flywheel like a brake pad squeezing a wheel to transfer power from the engine to the transmission. The starter engages the flywheel ring gear to start the engine.

Why service the flywheel
- Symptoms that point to flywheel/clutch problems: clutch slipping under load, grabbing/chatter when engaging, vibration through the drivetrain, noise when starting (starter grinding), burning clutch smell, visible heat spots or cracks on flywheel surface, excessive flywheel runout. Causes include wear, glazing, heat warping, cracked teeth on the ring gear, damaged pilot bearing, or damage from a failed throwout bearing or clutch.

Main components (what each part is, in beginner terms)
- Flywheel: a heavy, circular steel disc bolted to the rear of the engine crankshaft. Functions: stores rotational inertia (smooths running), provides a friction surface for the clutch disc and pressure plate, has the ring gear (teeth) around the outside for the starter to engage.
- Ring gear: gear teeth pressed on the flywheel periphery. Starter pinion meshes with these teeth to crank the engine.
- Flywheel bolts (or studs and nuts): secure the flywheel to the crank flange. Some are through bolts; some engines use studs and nuts. They clamp the flywheel to the crank.
- Dowel pins: locate the flywheel in the exact position on the crank flange so alignment is correct.
- Pilot bearing/bushing: a small bearing or bronze bushing pressed into the flywheel or crank nose that supports the transmission input shaft center. It centers the transmission input shaft relative to the crank.
- Clutch disc (friction disc): splined to the transmission input shaft; its friction material contacts the flywheel and pressure plate to transfer torque.
- Pressure plate: bolts to the flywheel and provides the clamping force on the clutch disc.
- Throwout (release) bearing: moves against the pressure plate fingers/diaphragm to release the clutch disc when you press the pedal.
- Bellhousing: the bell-shaped cast housing that encloses the clutch and connects the engine to the transmission.
- Transmission input shaft: passes through the pilot bearing and splines into the clutch disc.
- Clutch fork and slave cylinder (or hydraulic release system): operate the release bearing.
- Starter motor: mounted to the bellhousing or block and engages the ring gear when starting.

What can go wrong (failure modes)
- Surface wear or glazing on flywheel: reduces friction, causes slipping.
- Heat spots, hardening or crack: leads to chatter, uneven engagement.
- Warpage (runout): clutch pulsation or engagement vibration.
- Stripped ring gear teeth: starter grinding, won’t crank reliably.
- Loose or damaged flywheel bolts: can loosen or shear, catastrophic failure.
- Damaged pilot bearing: noisy, causes misalignment of input shaft, bearing failure can score the transmission shaft.
- Clutch disc worn or contaminated (oil): slipping or grabbing.
- Faulty release bearing or worn pressure plate fingers: noisy or incomplete disengagement.
- Corroded dowels/studs or damaged mating surfaces: incorrect centering.

Precautions and safety
- Work on a flat surface, use jack stands (never rely on a jack alone).
- Disconnect the battery before starting.
- Mark components for orientation if you’re reusing them.
- The flywheel is heavy; use an assistant or transmission jack to support heavy parts.
- Use a transmission jack or engine support when removing the transmission; never let it hang from hoses or cables.
- Wear eye protection and gloves. Clean area to avoid slipping hazards.
- Replace damaged bolts or single‑use bolts. Use thread‑locker only where specified.
- Confirm torque specs in the factory manual before final tightening.

Tools and materials you will need
- Basic hand tool set: metric sockets and wrenches, breaker bar, ratchet.
- Torque wrench (capable up to ~200 Nm / ~150 ft‑lb).
- Transmission jack or sturdy floor jack and support blocks.
- Jack stands, wheel chocks.
- Screwdrivers, pry bars.
- Clutch alignment tool (plastic or old input shaft substitute).
- Flywheel holding tool (or pry bar to prevent rotation during loosening/tightening).
- Impact wrench optional (but don’t rely on it for final torque).
- Dial indicator (for runout check) or straightedge and feeler gauge.
- Shop rags, solvent, gasket scraper, brake cleaner.
- New flywheel or flywheel resurfacing service, new clutch kit (disc, pressure plate, release bearing, pilot bearing), new bolts if required, and high‑temp grease for splines.
- Loctite (thread locker) if specified by manual.
- Anti‑seize on dowels if recommended.

Step‑by‑step procedure (general; adapt to your model and chassis)
Note: The exact items you remove will vary by vehicle (4x4 transfer case, exhaust routing, crossmembers). Follow your vehicle’s manual for specifics.

1) Preparation
- Park on flat ground, set parking brake, chock front wheels.
- Disconnect battery negative cable.
- Raise vehicle and support securely on jack stands.
- Remove any components blocking the transmission (driveshaft/prop shaft, exhaust sections if required, shift linkage, wiring harnesses, starter motor, speedometer cable or sensor, hydraulic lines — label and plug as needed).
- Drain transmission/transfer case fluid if you will remove tailhousing/driveshaft components that open them.

2) Support engine/transmission
- Place a transmission jack under the transmission and support it. Also place a block or jack under the oil pan with a wood pad if needed to support engine when crossmember is removed. You must support the engine so that removing mounts doesn’t let it drop.

3) Remove the transmission
- Remove transmission mounting bolts, shifter linkage, clutch slave cylinder (do not disconnect hydraulic lines unless you will plug them properly), crossmember, and any wiring or brackets.
- Slide transmission rearward to disengage splines from clutch disc. Have an assistant guide it; slowly lower transmission with the jack. Set transmission aside on jack or stand.

4) Remove clutch assembly
- With the bellhousing open, remove the pressure plate bolts in a star pattern gradually to avoid warping. Remove pressure plate and clutch disc.
- Inspect disc splines, contact surface, and pressure plate for wear or damage. Mark orientation if reusing (but it’s best to replace clutch disc and pressure plate as a kit).

5) Remove starter and inspect ring gear teeth
- If not already removed, remove the starter to access the flywheel. Inspect ring gear for broken or damaged teeth. If ring gear has damage, replace or resurface flywheel (or replace with a new flywheel/ring gear assembly).

6) Remove the flywheel
- Clean the area around the crank flange to avoid debris falling into engine.
- Use a flywheel holding tool (or have an assistant press the brake pedal / apply transmission in gear if the vehicle is supported in a way that locks the drivetrain) to prevent rotation.
- Loosen and remove the flywheel bolts in a crisscross/star pattern so you release clamping evenly.
- Pull the flywheel off the crank flange. Note locating dowel pins and their condition. Flywheel can be heavy – use both hands or a jack.

7) Inspect flywheel and related parts
- Check flywheel friction surface: look for heat spots (blue/black discoloration), scoring, glazing, cracks, or uneven wear.
- Check runout: mount flywheel on crank flange and use a dial indicator against its face near the bolt circle. Typical allowable runout is small (check manual); if beyond spec, replace or resurface.
- Check ring gear teeth condition.
- Inspect pilot bearing/bushing and replace if rough or noisy. Remove it and inspect the crank nose and transmission input shaft.
- Inspect crankshaft flange for damage or burrs; clean surfaces.
- Inspect dowel pins and replace if loose.

Decision: resurface or replace
- Resurface (machine) if the surface is solid and within thickness limits and runout is correct; replace if cracks, excessive heat damage, or if thickness limit is exceeded. Resurfacing restores a flat friction surface but removes a small amount of material — excessive machining reduces flywheel strength or changes alignment.

8) Install flywheel
- Clean mating surfaces. Use a rag and solvent to remove oil or debris.
- Position flywheel using dowel pins (if applicable). On some engines dowels are used; on others the bolt holes locate the flywheel.
- Fit flywheel bolts. If bolts are stretch or one‑time use, replace them with new. Apply thread locker if specified by the manual.
- Tighten bolts finger tight in a crisscross pattern to seat the flywheel evenly.
- Torque bolts to factory specification in steps (e.g., snug, then final torque) and in a crisscross pattern. If the manual specifies a torque angle procedure, follow it exactly.
- If flywheel bolts are torque‑to‑yield, use new bolts and follow the angle/step method.

9) Install pilot bearing/bushing
- If replacing, press the new one in squarely. Use proper installing tool or socket that matches the outer race; do not damage the bearing. Lightly grease the inside of the pilot bearing with high‑temp grease if recommended (some manuals advise dry).

10) Reinstall clutch disc and pressure plate
- Clean flywheel surface again with brake cleaner (don’t touch with bare hands after cleaning).
- Use clutch alignment tool to center the clutch disc on the pilot bearing. Insert alignment tool through the disc splines into pilot bushing.
- Fit pressure plate over the disc and start bolts by hand. Tighten bolts in a crisscross/star pattern gradually until seated, then torque to factory spec.
- If reusing pressure plate bolts, torque to spec; if new clamp bolts are supplied, follow their instructions.

11) Reinstall transmission
- Ensure input shaft splines are clean and lightly grease the splines (only a small smear of high‑temp grease; do not get grease on friction surfaces).
- Align transmission input shaft to the clutch disc using the alignment tool, then slide transmission forward until it seats against the engine and bellhousing.
- Reinstall transmission mounting bolts, crossmember, mounts, slave cylinder, linkage, and any wiring/lines removed.
- Reconnect starter, driveshafts, and other components.

12) Final adjustments and checks
- Reconnect battery.
- Bleed the clutch hydraulic system if any hydraulic lines were opened.
- Check clutch pedal freeplay and adjust as required per manual.
- Before starting, verify there are no loose tools and that all fasteners were torqued. Start engine and check for abnormal noises. Test clutch engagement/feel at low speed before normal driving.
- After a short break‑in (per clutch kit instructions), recheck bolt torques.

Inspection details and measurements you should care about
- Surface condition: light scoring is acceptable if resurfaced; deep grooves or cracks = replace.
- Runout (axial wobble): measure with a dial indicator on the flywheel face. Typical allowable runout is a few thousandths of an inch (check manual); if out of spec, resurface or replace.
- Ring gear runout: check for uniform contact.
- Thickness: flywheel minimum thickness is specified by OEM; if below, replace.
- Pilot bearing play: any roughness or play = replace.
- Flywheel bolt condition: stretching or visible deformation = replace.

Common mistakes and how to avoid them
- Not supporting the engine/transmission properly — can lead to dropped heavy components and injury. Use proper jacks and stands.
- Reusing old clutch disc or pressure plate on a resurfaced flywheel — often causes premature failure. Best practice: replace clutch kit when removing flywheel.
- Not replacing or checking pilot bearing — leads to input shaft misalignment and premature bearing failure.
- Incorrect bolt torque or pattern — can warp flywheel or cause bolts to loosen. Use proper torque wrench and specified sequence.
- Greasing friction surfaces — contaminates clutch; avoid any grease on the flywheel friction area or clutch disc surface.
- Improperly installed ring gear (if removed) or damaged teeth — starter damage or no‑start condition.

Checklist before final drive
- All bolts torqued to spec and correct sequence used.
- Clutch components centered and splines lightly greased.
- Pilot bearing installed and in good condition.
- No oil leaks from rear main seal (address now if present).
- Starter rings teeth good and starter engages smoothly.
- Clutch pedal freeplay adjusted and hydraulic system bled.
- Test drive gently to verify no slipping, noise, or vibration.

Useful tips
- Replace clutch kit (disc, pressure plate, release bearing, pilot bearing) when working on flywheel for long‑term peace of mind.
- Keep the work area clean and keep parts organized in order of removal.
- Take photos during disassembly to help with reassembly.
- If the flywheel is resurfaced, demand a surface finish spec — too coarse or too smooth can cause engagement problems.
- Consider replacing flywheel bolts; they can be torque‑to‑yield or weaken on reuse.
- If you hear starter grinding after reassembly, stop and check ring gear and starter engagement — don’t keep cranking.

Where to get exact specs and model‑specific details
- Factory service manual for your vehicle and engine is the authoritative reference for bolt sizes, thread types, torque values, runout limits, and special procedures. Always cross‑check torque numbers and any torque‑angle procedures with that manual before final tightening.

Final words (short)
- The flywheel and clutch are the bridge between engine and transmission. Proper inspection, correct resurfacing or replacement, correct bolt torque, and correct centering of the clutch are the keys to a reliable repair. If any of the inspection checks fail (cracks, excessive runout, damaged teeth, rough pilot bearing), replace the faulty part rather than guessing.

You now have a complete beginner’s guide with component descriptions, theory, failure modes, tools, and a stepwise method for flywheel/clutch work on Toyota B‑series engines. Follow the model’s service manual for exact torque and limits.
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