The KA engines were a show of inline-4 four-stroke gasoline piston engines produced by Nissan, which were granted in 2.0 L and 2.4 L versions. The engines blocks were made of cast-iron, while the cylinder heads were made of aluminum.Despite their big capacity, this motor was not equipped with balance shafts.After utilized in the passenger cars both versions of the KA24 used a crank girdle, as opposed to individual caps. In the Nissan Hardbody and Frontier applications a crank girdle was not used.The KA24E was a SOHC12-valve engine produced from July 1988 through January 1997. It uses SEFI fuel injection, and features forged steel connecting rods, an internally balanced forged steel crankshaft, and a cast aluminum intake manifold.
Specifications
Maximum power: 140 hp (105 kW) @ 5600 rpm
Maximum torque: 152 lb·ft (206 Nm) @ 4400 rpm
Valve Configuration: SOHC, 12 valves
Compression ratio: 8.6:1 (9.1:1 for early 1989 240SX)
Applications
1989–1990 Nissan 240SX
1990–1997 Nissan Hardbody Truck
1990-1995 Nissan Pathfinder
1989–1995 Nissan Axxess / Nissan Prairie (not UK except parallel imports for wheelchair conversions posting 1991)
1990–1992 Nissan Stanza (USA-spec)
1989–1992 Nissan Pintara / Ford Corsair
1993-1996 Nissan Terrano 2 Europe
Nissan VG30E and KA24E engine factory workshop and repair manual Download
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Tools/consumables (brief): manifold gauge set, vacuum pump, refrigerant specified on vehicle sticker (R134a or older R12 — use recovery if R12), refrigerant scale (weighing), temperature probe, leak detector/UV dye, safety glasses & gloves, PAG oil as specified, recovery machine if needed.
Ordered procedure with theory and how it fixes the fault:
1) Identify refrigerant type and leak before doing anything.
- Theory: vehicles are charged with a specific refrigerant and oil; using the wrong type or charging a leaking system only gives temporary cooling.
- How this fixes the fault: finding and repairing leaks prevents immediate loss of charge after recharge so the cooling problem is actually resolved.
2) Recover any remaining refrigerant (required/legal) and safely remove old refrigerant if present.
- Theory: safe recovery prevents venting of refrigerant to atmosphere; if system contains contaminants or unknown charge, start fresh.
- How this fixes the fault: avoids mixing old/contaminated refrigerant and removes non-condensables that reduce cooling efficiency.
3) Perform a visual inspection and test for leaks (electronic detector or UV dye), inspect dryer/accumulator, hoses, fittings, and compressor condition.
- Theory: leaks most commonly occur at fittings, hoses, condenser, compressor shaft seal, or evaporator; the accumulator/drier removes moisture and debris and the orifice/TXV can clog.
- How this fixes the fault: locating and repairing the leak source and replacing a clogged drier/accumulator prevents recontamination and restores correct refrigerant flow and pressure behavior.
4) Repair leaks and replace desiccant/receiver-accumulator/drier as needed.
- Theory: moisture in the system creates acids and ice at the expansion point; the desiccant holds moisture. A compromised drier allows moisture/contaminants to circulate and cause blockages and corrosion.
- How this fixes the fault: replacing the drier removes the moisture trap and prevents acid formation and blockages, ensuring the refrigerant and oil circulate cleanly so heat transfer can occur.
5) Connect manifold gauges to the low and high service ports and thermocouple/temp probe to the evaporator outlet line; note static pressures.
- Theory: pressure corresponds to refrigerant saturation temperature; reading both sides lets you diagnose charge level and restrictions.
- How this fixes the fault: accurate diagnosis with gauges prevents under/overcharging and identifies other faults (restriction, compressor failure).
6) Evacuate the system to deep vacuum and perform a vacuum hold test.
- Theory: vacuum removes air and moisture (non-condensables raise high-side pressure and reduce cooling). Holding vacuum checks for leaks (system should not rise significantly). Aim for <500 microns if possible.
- How this fixes the fault: removing air/moisture restores proper thermodynamic properties and prevents freezeups and acid formation; confirming no leaks means a recharge will last.
7) Add specified oil if compressor was removed/replaced or if oil was lost; follow manufacturer quantity and type (PAG or specified oil).
- Theory: the compressor is lubricated by oil carried in the refrigerant; wrong quantity or type causes poor lubrication, overheating, and compressor failure.
- How this fixes the fault: correct oil restores lubrication and cooling of the compressor, preventing mechanical failure and restoring proper compression.
8) Charge the system by weight with the exact refrigerant amount on the vehicle specification sticker, with A/C on and engine at specified RPM (usually idle to ~1,500 rpm).
- Theory: charging by weight ensures the correct mass of refrigerant; pressure-only charging is unreliable because pressures vary with ambient temperature and system load. Refrigerant carries heat through phase change in the evaporator and condenser—correct mass ensures appropriate evaporation/condensation.
- How this fixes the fault: restoring the proper refrigerant charge re-establishes the correct evaporator boil (low-side pressure/temperature) and condenser condensing pressure, producing cold air.
9) Use gauges and temperature differentials to verify proper operation:
- Check low-side and high-side pressures against expected ranges for ambient temperature or use P-T saturation tables.
- Measure evaporator outlet temperature and calculate the delta T across the evaporator (commonly ~10–20°F when functioning).
- Theory: pressures tell you the refrigerant phase and heat transfer efficiency; temperature drop across the evaporator indicates how well the refrigerant is absorbing heat.
- How this fixes the fault: verification ensures the system is neither undercharged (low pressures, warm air) nor overcharged (high pressures, compressor stress), and that no restriction remains.
10) Finish: run a leak check (electronic/soap/UV), replace service port caps, record refrigerant weight/type, and clean up.
- Theory: small leaks can ruin a recharge; documentation ensures future maintenance accuracy.
- How this fixes the fault: final leak confirmation and correct documentation prevent immediate recurrence and allow consistent future servicing.
Quick diagnostic indicators to interpret while charging (theory):
- Undercharge: low low-side pressure and lower-than-normal high-side pressure; evaporator may not be cold → fix by proper recharge and leak repair.
- Overcharge: both sides high, sluggish cooling; excess liquid in condenser/compartment → remove refrigerant to spec.
- Restriction (orifice/expansion valve or debris): low-side very low, high-side very high, uneven cooling; fix by replacing/cleaning orifice/TXV and drier, then evacuate and recharge.
- Compressor failure: little or no pressure differential between sides, abnormal noises; replace compressor, flush circuit if contaminated, replace drier, then evacuate and recharge.
Legal/safety note (concise): do not vent refrigerant; follow local regulations and use recovery equipment. R12 systems require authorized handling. Wear eye/skin protection; avoid ignition sources.
That is the ordered, theory-focused procedure and how each action corrects the common faults that cause weak or no AC cooling.
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